Centre d’études ethniques des universités montréalaises (CEETUM)

Sébastien ARCAND

Domaines d’expertise

Management interculturel, entrepreneurship ethnique, sociologie et théorie du management, changement et structures organisationnelles comparées au sein des Amériques.

Publications récentes

ARCAND, Sébastien (2007), «Prévenir les conflits reliés à la diversité : l’interculturalisme comme pratique de gestion», Revue Gestion, Vol. 31, no. 4, Hiver 2007 : pp. D16-D23.

ARCAND, Sébastien (2006), » Les associations de groupes ethniques minoritaires et les consultations publiques au Québec, 1974 et 2000 : la difficile construction d’une parole minoritaires «, Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada, Vol. XXXVIII, no. 2, pp. 113-136.

ARCAND, Sébastien (2006) » Les organisations supranationales «, dans Jean-Pierre Dupuis (dir.), Sociologie de l’entreprise, deuxième édition, Gaétan Morin Éditeurs, pp. 133-170.

Recherches subventionnées

Arcand, S. Transmission des pratiques entrepreneuriales entre premières et deuxièmes générations chez les minorités ethniques à Montréal. (FQRSC, programme d’établissement de nouveaux professeurs-chercheurs,2006-2009).

Dr. Anton Oleinik
Associate Professor (Ph.D. in sociology, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris; Ph.D. in political economy, Moscow State Lomonossov University)

E-mail: aoleynik@mun.ca

Personal Website http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~aoleynik/
Sociological Specialties/Areas of Interest
Economic sociology
Comparative penitentiary systems
Sociology of bureaucracy
Post-Soviet transformations
Institutional economics

Dr. Oleynik’s current research is focused on catch-up modernization in post-Soviet states seen from a comparative perspective and the role played in this process by power elites. His work has appeared widely in Russian, French and English, including in publications such as Journal of Economic Issues; Crime, Law and Social Change; Problems of Economic Transition; Cultures and Conflicts. In addition to publishing a book on organized crime in Russia and editing a volume on the economics of Russia’s transformation, he is the author of a textbook in Russian on institutional economics. Dr. Oleynik coordinates an international network of specialists on the issues of administrative reform in post-Soviet countries (AdmReformNet). At Memorial University he teaches courses on economic sociology, terrorism, the sociology of modernization, and research methods.

Selected Publications in English
Organized Crime, Prison and Post-Soviet Societies. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. (Author)
The Institutional Economics of Russia’s Transformations. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. (Editor)
«The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same: Institutional Transfers Seen Through the Lens of Reforms in Russia,» Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. XL.
«‘Business According to Understandings’: An Institutional Model of Russian Capitalism,» Problems of Economic Transition, Vol. 44.

Stephen Harold Riggins

Professor (Ph.D. University of Toronto)

Sociological Specialties/Areas of Interest

Ethnicity

Sociology of culture

Mass media and public opinion

Material culture studies

Sociology of families

Dr. Riggins’ early publications were about the sociology of classical music and government policies for democratizing the fine arts, especially in France. His current interests involve symbolic interactionist approaches to the symbolism of material artifacts and the application of critical discourse analysis to news stories. His research on mass media includes studies of journalism by First Nations peoples, the role of mass media in preserving minority identities, discourses of Chineseness, and the rhetoric of implicit racism. He is presently writing a history of the MUN sociology department as well as investigating the sociological value of anecdotal evidence in ethnographies and life narratives. His book The Pleasures of Time: Two Men, a Life is a first-person account of artistic and intellectual movements in France in the second half of the twentieth century. He has been practicing Taoist Tai Chi for over a dozen years.

E-mail: sriggins [at] mun [dot] ca

Personal Website http://www.semioticon.com/people/riggins.htm

Selected Publications

The Pleasures of Time: Two Men, a Life. Toronto: Insomniac Press. (Author)

The Language and Politics of Exclusion: Others in Discourse. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. (Editor)

The Socialness of Things: Essays on the Socio-semiotics of Objects. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (Editor)

Ethnic Minority Media: An International Perspective. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. (Editor)

Beyond Goffman: Studies on Communication, Institution and Social Interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (Editor)

Karen Stanbridge

Associate Professor (Ph.D. University of Western Ontario)

E-mail: kstanbri@mun.ca

Sociological Specialties/Areas of Interest

Social theory

Political sociology

State theory

Social movements

Nationalism

Dr. Stanbridge has completed works that explore the impact of national and international political institutions on British and French colonial policies, on British treatment of Catholics in Ireland and Quebec in the eighteenth century, on the post-WWI Åland Islands secessionist movement, and on loyalist and republican Irish movements during the WWI period. Her work has appeared in a variety of academic publications, including: Sociological Quarterly, Nations and Nationalism, Journal of Historical Sociology, Canadian Journal of Sociology. More recently, she has been concerned with mapping the interactions between groups pursuing nationalist claims and the domestic and international political and cultural context within which they are compelled to operate. Her current research is focused on the historical and cultural construction of children and childhood, and their use by political actors. Since moving to the countryside near St. John’s, Dr. Stanbridge has become an avid gardener and beachwalker.

Selected Publications

Toleration and State Institutions: British Policy Toward Catholics in Eighteenth-Century Ireland and Quebec. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. (Author)

«Framing children in the Newfoundland Confederation Debate, 1948,» Canadian Journal of Sociology, forthcoming.

«Nationalism, International Factors, and the ‘Irish Question’ in the Era of the First World War,» Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 11.

«Quebec and the Irish Catholic Relief Act of 1778: An Institutional Approach,» Journal of Historical Sociology, Vol. 16.

SCOTT DAVIES

Much of my research has focused on classic issues of inequality by race, class, and gender. Early in my career I examined differing educational attainment and labour market rewards by gender, class and race, in some instances tested various cultural theories of inequality. More recently I have turned my attention to stratification within school systems, particularly higher education, comparing Canada to other nations.

I can work with students who are interested in inequality in education and other institutions, particularly in new forms that stratification is taking in the emerging era marked by globalization and the «knowledge economy.»

http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/sociology/people/davies.cfm

TINA FETNER

«Lesbian and Gay Activism in High Schools: The Emergence of Gay-Straight Alliances.» Youth & Society.
«Birth Cohort and Tolerance of Homosexuality: Attitudinal Change in Canada and the United States, 1981-2000.» «Ex-gay Rhetoric and the Politics of Sexuality: The Christian Antigay/Pro-family Movement’s ‘Truth in Love’ Ad Campaign.»
http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/sociology/people/fetner.cfm

NEAL MCLAUGHLIN

As a sociologist of culture and a sociological theorist, my major research interests fall into five broad categories. One stream is concerned with developing a sociological theory and empirical research agenda on what has often been called the «public intellectual.» Secondly, I have an interest in studying intellectual «reputations.» Third, drawing from the sociology of science and culture as well as from classical and contemporary sociological theories, I am studying the sociology of creativity and its relationship to marginality. Finally, I research the sociology of sociology itself, in historical/comparative context and as well as studying and publishing in sociological theory proper.

The Public Intellectual
Intellectuals who write about social and political matters outside narrow professional networks have sometimes been called «public intellectuals.» What is meant by this is a complicated matter, but clearly there is widespread interest (both inside and outside the contemporary university) in making knowledge relevant in an increasingly global «knowledge society.» Drawing on sociological literature on professions, organizations, education and culture, as well as a rich history of writings on intellectuals within sociology, I am studying the public intellectual in two major projects. First, as part of a three year SSHRC funded grant called «Academy and Society,» I am working with Lisa Kowalchuk (Sociology, Guelph University) and Jeffrey Cormier (Sociology, King’s College, University of Western Ontario) on a study of the sociological and institutional factors that facilitate and/or inhibit the efforts of Canadian professors who attempt to take their knowledge outside the ivory tower. Secondly, as part of a SSHRC funded large scale international interdisciplinary research team based here at McMaster University, I am exploring the theme of «Globalization and Autonomy» through an examination of the work, life and reputational reception after his death of Edward Said, the prominent post-colonial theorist and social critic. Said is arguably a «global public intellectual,» a new type of intellectual that provides a theoretical and empirical challenge to the traditional nation based approach in the sociology of intellectuals. Both these projects flow from theoretical concerns developed first in my earlier writings on William Julius Wilson, Erich Fromm and David Riesman, examples of prominent public intellectuals.

The Sociology of Reputations
Reputations are inherently sociological in nature, and I have been studying the creation, diffusion and destruction of intellectual reputations in a series of studies on «how to become a forgotten intellectual,» «why schools of thought fail» and related topics. I study «difficult reputations» as Gary Alan Fine once put it, with an empirical focus on intellectuals who take controversial political positions addressed to a public beyond the university, such as Fromm, Said and Chomsky. This research agenda on the social construction of reputations has wide potential applicability to the study of Canadian politics, social movements, journalism, sports and intellectual life more generally.

The Sociology of Creativity
There is a long tradition in sociological analysis that argues that insights come from the margins of power and privilege. Strangers and nomads, from this perspective, can see society more clearly than those deeply imbedded in existing power relations and social structures. Contrary to this view on the social origins of creativity, there is another sociological tradition that emphasizes the creative potential that comes from links to core societal and institutional resources. I have argued in print that this longstanding debate is stale and irresolvable and have offered the concept of «optimal marginality» to suggest that there may be some forms and combinations of social marginality which lead to insight, and others which lead to marginal ideas. Drawing on Michael Farrell’s innovative theory of collaborative circles, I have a research agenda for studying the creation of intellectual innovations in the Frankfurt School for Social Research, in the work of Erving Goffman, among Freudian theorists, among networks of radical intellectuals and similar networks of relatively marginalized but creative thinkers. I am starting this work with a case study on «The Frankfurt School as a Collaborative Circle» but believe there is enourmous potential for studying creativity and innovation in networks of innovators outside academic and public intellectual circles (for example, in health, science, music or sports, for example).

The Sociology of Sociology
While I am strongly committed to interdisciplinary work, I also believe that the discipline of sociology is a space where public intellectual work and intellectual creativity can find a particular secure and strong home. This is despite the fact (or perhaps because of the fact!) that sociology’s reputation is not as secure as it could be in modern universities dominated increasingly by the natural sciences, applied programs and interdisciplinary institutes. Using the intellectual tools developed in my earlier research, I am presently studying the sociological and historical factors that sustain or inhibit the secure institutionalization of the sociological imagination in the modern research university. My essay «Canada’s Impossible Science: Historical and Institutional Origins of the Coming Crisis of Anglo-Canadian Sociology» will be published soon in The Canadian Journal of Sociology. I am embarking on a research agenda on the sociological «field» in a comparative perspective (in Quebec, English Canada, the United States, Great Britain and France) inspired by the work of Bourdieu and Randall Collins and informed by recent debates on the globalization of knowledge. This research is part of my normative commitment to strengthen Canadian sociology, as well as being linked to my interest in developing a «Public Sociology» along the lines being discussed in The American Sociological Association.

Sociological Theory
These various empirical research agendas are inspired by my interest in sociological theory. But I also teach (both at the undergraduate and graduate levels) and write on sociological theory proper. My major interests in sociological theory are in the work of the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, psychoanalytic social theory, the work of Erving Goffman, Randall Collin’s sociology of philosophy, the critical sociology of Mills and Gouldner, the history of sociological theory in the US, Canada and Britain and broad attempts to combine theory and empirical research in a multi-method sociological imagination.

Research Grants
Global and Autonomy MCRI, “Edward Said as Global Public Intellectual,” (three years), 2002-2005
“Canadian Professors as Public Intellectuals,” (three years ) SSHRC Standard Research Grant 2004-2007

http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/sociology/people/mclaughlin.cfm

VICTOR SATZEWICH

Research Interests

• Race Relations Training in Russia and Canada. This project is funded by the University of Calgary Gorbachev Foundation. In collaboration with Professor Billy Shaffir (Sociology, McMaster), and Professor Leokadia Drobizheva (Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), we are interested in exploring the ways that organizations have responded to equity concerns. In particular, we are exploring the strengths and weaknesses of different models of ‘race relations’ training in Canada, and their application to the Russian civil service.
Transnational Communities in Canada. I am currently editing a collection with Professor Lloyd Wong (Sociology, University of Calgary) on transnational communities and practices among immigrants in Canada. The collection will contain chapters by some of Canada’s leading social scientists on a wide range of groups and communities. Look for it soon!
The International Union of the Save the Children Fund. Founded in the aftermath of the First World War, the International Union of the Save the Children Fund, was a pioneer in the field of children’s rights and international child welfare. In collaboration with Professor Linda Mahood (History, University of Guelph), we are interested in the ways in which the International Union framed issues of international child welfare. We are also examining the Union’s fund raising strategies and techniques, and its relationships with other child welfare governmental and non-governmental organizations.
The Fourth Wave of Ukrainian Immigration to Canada . This is a study (with Professor Sev Isajiw, Sociology, University of Toronto, and Ewhen Duvalko, Canadian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid Society) of the adjustment of recent Ukrainian immigrants in Toronto. Our research is based on a survey of over 300 respondents who were asked a variety of questions about their identity, their occupations before and after emigration, and their settlement experiences in Canada.
http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/sociology/people/satzewich.cfm

Giovani Burgos: how the life chances of individuals are structured along the lines of race and ethnicity? One of the most persistent problematic in the social sciences is understanding why some racial and ethnic minorities tend to fare worse in the labor market, have lower academic achievement, and lower levels of physical and mental health than their White counterparts in the «lands of opportunity»? Drawing on work in the areas of criminology, race relations, stratification, and medical sociology, my primary research and teaching interests focus on exploring the impact that income inequality, segregation/racism, and discrimination have on the health of youth of color in the U.S., Canada, and Latin America. Currently, I’m exploring how these structural conditions at the neighborhood and school levels impact the physical/mental health of Latino youth and their families in a multi-level context. I’m also examining how these structural conditions affect the mental health of recent immigrants.

http://www.mcgill.ca/sociology/faculty/burgos/

John A. Hall: nationalism and state education systems, the social background of the Bolsheviks, Islamic sects in modern Turkey, and nationalism in Quebec and Scotland. National Identity and the Varieties of Capitalism: The Danish Experience. The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism. ’Structural Approaches to Nations and Nationalism.

http://www.mcgill.ca/sociology/faculty/hall/

Morton Weinfeld: Ethnic and race relations; immigration; public policy analysis; survey research and data analysis; Canadian society; sociology of Jews; Canadian Jewish studies; sociology of education. The Integration of Jewish Immigrants in Montreal: Models and Dilemmas of Ethnic Match. till Moving: Recent Jewish Migration in Comparative Perspective. Like Everyone else, but Different.

http://www.mcgill.ca/sociology/faculty/weinfeld/

Marc (Marcos) Ancelovici: research focuses on social movements and the political sociology of globalization. He has carried out field research in France, the US, the UK, Chile, Brazil, and Quebec, on topics as varied as labor responses to globalization, firm localization in the textile, electronics, and publishing industries, transition to democracy, drug dealing in shantytowns, and cultural identity. He’s currently completing a project on the way labor organizations adjust and respond to globalization in France and beginning two new projects. The first one analyzes the apparent decline of the antiglobalization movement in France. The second one studies civil society campaigns to regulate the global economy; more particularly, it asks why such campaigns emerge and grow in some industries rather than others; this project will address this issue through a comparison of campaigns in the apparel and the consumer electronics industries.

http://www.mcgill.ca/sociology/faculty/ancelovici/

GIRBA (Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche sur les banlieues)

http://www.girba.crad.ulaval.ca

Andrée FORTIN: les liens entre la culture, l’espace et l’identité dans la postmodernité, et se centrent autour de deux thèmes : la culture et la ville. Espaces et identité en construction. Le Web et les régions du Québec. La banlieue revisitée. Produire de la culture, produire l’identité? Les pratiques émancipatoires en milieu populaire.

http://www.soc.ulaval.ca/site/personnel/Professeurs/Fortin.asp

Madeleine Pastinelli: Construction des identités individuelles et collectives ; communications électroniques et cyberespace ; identités autochtones ; méthodes qualitatives ; espaces et sociabilité ; sociologie du quotidien.  Des souris, des hommes, des femmes et une ethnologue au village global : Parole, pratiques identitaires et lien social dans un espace de bavardage électronique.

http://www.soc.ulaval.ca/site/personnel/Professeurs/Pastinelli.asp

Donald Clairmont: he sociology of work and industrial organization, race relations and deviance/criminology. His current research investigates changes in policing styles, research on native and visible minority justice issues.

http://sociologyandsocialanthropology.dal.ca/Faculty/Donald_Clairmont.php

Liesl Gambold: economic and social responses to political and market changes, gender relations in rural communities, and the struggle between individual and group ideologies, especially in the transformations of Eastern Europe. long-term research goals include the further development of her longitudinal study in Central Russia to develop a uniquely in-depth and comprehensive analysis of postsocialist rural culture in transition. Understanding the transition from a communist to a nascent democratic government, and how the subsequent economic, social, and ideological changes manifest in the daily lives of rural inhabitants is a primary interest. Research (2004) in Vietnam will help serve as a comparative base for projects intended to better understand transforming economies and cultures in socialist settings.

http://sociologyandsocialanthropology.dal.ca/Faculty/Liesl_Gambold_Miller.php

Christopher Helland: religion in contemporary culture from a sociological perspective. His primary work examines the impact of the Internet and World Wide Web on a variety of religious traditions. In particular, his current project is investigating the effects of computer-mediated communications on diaspora religious groups.  Internet Communion and Virtual Faith: The New Face of Religion in the Wired West.

http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~chelland/index.html

Victor Thiessen: The prospects and limits of youth’s access and use of information and communication technology for reducing inequities emanating from traditional structural barriers, such as gender, immigrant status, and social class background.

http://sociologyandsocialanthropology.dal.ca/Faculty/Victor_Thiessen.php

p.s. о том как оформлять ссылки по стандартам университета: http://www.library.dal.ca/Files/How_do_I/pdf/apa_style.pdf

Donna Patrick: political, social, and cultural aspects of language use, community practices, and nation-building among Aboriginal peoples in Canada, with a primary focus on Inuit;  Understanding Canada through a linguistic lens: French, English, and Aboriginal realities in an English-dominant world

http://www.carleton.ca/socanth/faculty/DonnaPatrick.html

Daiva Stasiulis: Citizenship studies; multiple citizenship and transnationalism; Canadian state discourses and practices of multiculturalism, immigration and anti-racist policies; sexualization of children in popular culture; globalization and social movements. Hybrid Citizenship and What’s Left.

http://www.carleton.ca/socanth/faculty/stasiulis.html

Melanie White: Can an Act of Citizenship be Creative? Neo-liberalism and the Rise of the Citizen as Consumer. Mill, Foucault, Bourdieu, Elias and Bergson in relation to the habits of citizenship.

http://www.carleton.ca/socanth/faculty/Melanie.html

Lloyd Wong: Transnationalism, Active Citizenship and Belonging in Canada; Canada’s guestworkers: Racialized, Gendered and Flexible; Transnational identities and practices in Canada

http://soci.ucalgary.ca/profiles/lloyd-wong

Amal Madibbo: Minority within a Minority: Black Francophone Immigrants; L’immigration francophone noire et le multiculturalisme

http://soci.ucalgary.ca/profiles/amal-madibbo

Madeline Kalbach: The Intergenerational Transfer of Ethnic Identity in Canada at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century; Ethnic Diversity and the Economics and Social Integration of Canada’s Immigrant Labour Force

http://soci.ucalgary.ca/profiles/madeline-kalbach

ANTHROPOLOGY

Alexia Bloch: Russian Far East and Siberia

http://www.arts.ubc.ca/Alexia_Bloch.1899.0.html

SOCIOLOGY

Guppy, Neil: Attitudes to Immigration, Social Inequality in Canada: Patterns, Problems, and Policies

http://www.soci.ubc.ca/index.php?id=11341

Kemple, Thomas M.: Reading Weber Writing: Sociological Allegory and the Vocations of Modernity; W. E. B. DuBois, Georg Simmel, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Rethinking the legacy of post-Marxian critical theories of capitalism (from Marcuse to Bourdieu), post-Weberian histories of occidental rationality (from Parsons to Foucault), and post-Durkheimian cultural analyses of civilizing processes(from Elias to Baudrillard).

http://www.soci.ubc.ca/index.php?id=11324

Roth, Wendy D.:  Current Research – A study of the social impact of DNA ancestry testing on identity, conceptions of race, and social relations with other ethnic and racial groups.

A comparative study (with Nadia Kim) extending Blumer’s theory of race prejudice as a sense of group position to a transnational frame, examining the cases of the Dominican Republic and South Korea.

Completing a book manuscript on how migration to the mainland U.S. affects the racial identities Dominicans and Puerto Ricans. Where most research focuses solely on migrant outcomes, this project adopts a transnational perspective, using qualitative interviews and ethnography in San Juan, Santo Domingo, and New York City to show how migration simultaneously affects conceptions of race and ethnicity in both sending and receiving societies. The book examines whether emergent racial identities help explain the socioeconomic differences between light- and dark-skinned Puerto Ricans and Dominicans in the mainland U.S.
http://www.soci.ubc.ca/index.php?id=11218

Wilkes, Rima : Current Research – Residential Segregation – Many people in Canada and to a greater extent, the United States do not live together in ethnically/racially integrated neighborhoods.Furthermore segregation levels vary considerably between cities. Whilesome cities are fairly integrated others are characterized as having defacto apartheid. My research focuses on understanding why segregationlevels vary so much across North American cities.

Protest by First Nations – During recent decades, there have been several hundred instances ofcollective protest undertaken by First Nations. My research seeks toprovide a sociological understanding of these important events as awhole. Among the topics I am investigating are the characteristics ofFirst Nations whose members have or have not protested, whether thereare variations in levels of First Nation protest across regions inCanada, looking at how media coverage of protest by First Nationsvaries by region, and comparing protest in Canada with protest in theUnited States.

http://www.soci.ubc.ca/index.php?id=11345

Иммиграция в Канаду основана на системе баллов, которые начисляются за вашe образование, квалификацию и опыт работы. Баллы – хороший критерий для иммиграции, но плохой показатель того, что вы найдете работу в Канаде по своей специальности. Удивляет то, что критерии, которые позволяют вам иммигрировать в Канаду, в то же время не позволяют вам работать по профессии в Канаде. Причина в том, что Канаде нужны иммигранты для ‘черных’ работ: доставки пиццы, вождения такси, работы на фабрике.

7. Бесконтрольно-высокая стоимость жизни

Стоимость жизни в Канаде стала астрономической, поскольку вы вынуждены платить за жилье, за электричество, за телефон, интернет, кабельное телевидение, бензин и страховку на автомобиль, еду, покупки. Вчерашние иммигранты удивляются – как все дорого. Можно предположить, что в сравнении с большинством стран мира стоимость жизни в Канаде, в среднем, в пять раз выше.

6. Кризис здравоохранения

В Канаде не хватает практикующих врачей. 1 из 4 канадцев не может пользоваться услугами семейного доктора. Канадские врачи предпочитают переезжать в США. Управление статистики Канады и Канадская медицинская ассоциация утверждают, что на одного американского доктора, переехавшего в Канаду, приходится 19 канадских докторов, переехавших в США. Врачи в Канаде перегружены. Их зарплата неадекватно занижена.

5. Очень высокие налоги

Да, вы имееете федеральный и провинциальный налоги, в сумме дающие 15%. Вы платите налог на, практически, все, что вы покупаете, многие другие налоги. Вы должны заплатить огромную сумму правительству со своих с трудом заработанных денег. После этого правительство может повернуться к вам спиной и отдать деньги пьющим пиво и смотрящим хоккей велферщикам. И все нормально, это – Канада.

4. Жадное правительство

Посольства Канады по всему миру лгут людям, представляя Канаду как сказочную страну, поскольку хотят их склонить к приезду в Канаду. Зачем? Потому что иностранцы привозят деньги! Будучи обманутыми, иностранцы приезжают. Они должны иметь с собой как минимум $10,000. Канада имеет иммиграционную квоту 250,00 в год. Простым умножением мы получим цифру в 2,5 миллиарда, которые Канада получает с иммигрантов каждый год.

3. Отсутствие культуры

В отличие от большинства стран мира, Канада не имеет культуры. Можно сказать, что в Канаде доминирует американская культура. Когда в последнее время вы ели «канадскую» пищу? Не существует национальных традиций как не существует и национального самосознания. Что означает называть себя «канадцем»? Ничего, на самом деле. Люди, живущие в Канаде, отождествляют себя со страной, из которой они прибыли.

2. Отвратительная погода

Да, в Канаде наихудшая погода среди всех стран мира. Заставляющая замерзать температура, снег, лед, град, ветра, штормы и т.д. От степных провинций до приморских, от Северо-Западных территорий до южного Онтарио погода столь ужасна и отвратительна, что многие канадцы покидают свою страну толко по одной этой причине.

1. Отсутствие работы

Да, именно так. От побережья до побережья работы нет. Иммигранты очень квалифицированы (имеют степень магистра, кандидата или доктора наук, адвокаты, инженеры и т.д.), но они водят такси, доставляют пиццу или работают на фабрике. Даже люди с дипломами бакалавра канадских университетов не могут найти работу по окончании учебы. Эта трагедия связана с иммиграцией в Канаду. Мне жаль иммигрантов, которые застряли в Канаде на всю свою жизнь. У них в самом деле грустное и безрадостное будущее.

Asad Raza, M.D. перевод: ПриветКанада.com